AMNA NAWAZ: Vice President J.D.

Vance was in# Minneapolis today, as federal agents continue to## clash with protesters two weeks after an ICE agent# shot and killed 37-year-old mother Renee Good.

Vance had this message for city residents: J.D.

VANCE, Vice President of the United# States: Do we want these things to happen?## Do we want these arrests to be so chaotic?# No, we don't.

These guys want it least of## all.

But if we had a little cooperation# from local and federal -- or -- excuse## me -- from local and state officials, I think# the chaos would go way down in this community.

AMNA NAWAZ: This is just the latest development# in what's been a turbulent year as President## Trump has carried out his campaign promise# to crack down on illegal immigration.

Liz Landers takes a closer look.

DONALD TRUMP, President of# the United States: First,## I will declare a national# emergency at our southern border.

(APPLAUSE) LIZ LANDERS: President Donald Trump wasted no# time following.. to crack down on immigration, signing# executive orders his first day in office## designed to expedite removal and reinterpret# the Citizenship Clause of the Constitution.

Border crossings began to drop soon after# and are down dramatically year to date, a## 93 percent reduction, according to the Department# of Homeland Security.

The agency estimates## 1.9 million self-deportations and 622,000# deportations have taken place in the last year.

DONALD TRUMP: This was an invasion.

This wasn't## people coming in.

This was# an invasion of our country.

LIZ LANDERS: But the administration quickly# ran into legal challenges with some deportation## measures when it deported more than 200# Venezuelan men to a notorious Salvadoran prison.

DONALD TRUMP: These were bad people.

That# was a bad group of, as I say, hombres.

LIZ LANDERS: The president invoking the# little used Alien Enemies Act of 1798,## claiming the men were part of the Venezuelan gang# Tren de Aragua, among them Kilmar Abrego Garcia,## a Maryland man with no criminal record, deported# despite a court order barring his removal.

Abrego Garcia was eventually returned to the# U.S.

and is now challenging efforts to deport## him to a third country.

A ruling is expected# next month.

The arrest of Mahmoud Khalil,## a Columbia University graduate student# and pro-Palestinian activist, signaled## a crackdown on international# student visas in early March.

MARCO RUBIO, U.S.

Secretary of State: We gave# you a visa to come and study and get a degree,## not to become a social activist that# tears up our university campuses.

LIZ LANDERS: In total, more than 8,000# student visas revoked in the past year,## the State Department says.

The Trump administration has also moved# to narrow pathways for legal immigration,## using executive orders to institute travel# bans in June, revoke humanitarian programs## that shielded migrants from deportation# and cut refugee admissions to record lows.

The shooting of the two National Guardspeople# in the nation's capital in November prompted## a further tightening of visas.

Also this year,# the administration began a controversial rollout## of deportation operations in major sanctuary# cities across the country, with agents often## masked arresting immigrants at workplaces,# courthouses, even Home Depot parking lots.

In June, fiery protests in Los Angeles caused# President Trump to send in National Guard troops.

DONALD TRUMP: These are paid insurrectionists.# These are paid troublemakers.

LIZ LANDERS: Prompting the president to# float the idea of using the Insurrection Act,## which would allow the president to use# the military in a domestic setting.

It's## a threat he's continued to make into the new year.

KRISTI NOEM, U.S.

Homeland Security# Secretary: We did discuss the## Insurrection Act.

He certainly .. LIZ LANDERS: Those targeted operations spread# nationwide to Chicago, Charlotte, New Orleans,## and, just this week, Maine, all this bolstered# by a surge in funding after the president's## signature tax and spending bill passed in the# summer, tripling the annual budget for ICE.

The administration faced significant# legal pushback in Chicago,## when a federal judge there determined# Customs and Border Patrol official## Greg Bovino was overstepping his# authority in handling protesters.

GREGORY BOVINO, Border Patrol Commander: The use# of force that I have seen has been exemplary,## and, by exemplary, I would say, the least amount# of force necessary to accomplish the mission.

LIZ LANDERS: In the aftermath of# the killing of an unarmed woman,## Renee Good, by an ICE officer in# Minneapolis, protests flared again.

White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen# Miller with this message to ICE officers: STEPHEN MILLER, White House Deputy# Chief of Staff: You have federal## immunity in the conduct of# your duties, and a.. lays a hand on you or tries to stop you or# tries to obstruct you is committing a felony.

LIZ LANDERS: But Democrats are hoping to# use the latest incidents to reduce funding## or force changes to immigration enforcement# if they do well in the midterm elections.

Joining us now to discuss all of this are# Chad Wolf.

He's a former acting secretary## of homeland security in the first Trump# administration and the current executive## director of the America First Policy Institute,# a conservative think tank.

And John Sandweg,## the former acting director of# ICE in the Obama administration.

Thank you both for joining us.

Chad, I want to start with you.

The president campaigned on this issue# of cracking down.. getting rid of people who are in the country# illegally.

But some of these chaotic scenes## that we're seeing out of Minneapolis, just# this week, we have seen CBP officer Bovino## using a smoke canister to clear a crowd, some of# this is causing public opinion to turn on him.

Polls are showing that a majority# of Americans think that ICE is## going too far.

Could this become a# political problem for the president?

CHAD WOLF, Former Acting U.S.

Secretary# of Homeland Security: Well, I think## it's certainly a pol.. I think it's important to remember, as# you indicated, the p.. very aggressive agenda, and the American people# agreed with him, but first to secure the border,## which I think most Americans would agree that has# happened.

We have record low apprehension numbers.

The second part, which is the most difficult# part, is to figure out where the millions## of folks went to that came across that# border during the Biden administration,## and then to remove the ones that don't have a# legal right to be here.

So that's what they're## doing in places like Minneapolis, Chicago,# but other places, like Texas and Florida,## also have a very high illegal alien population,# but you don't see those making the news, right?

You don't see big operations in Florida and Texas# making the news, and why is that?

Because you## have local law enforcement that support them.# And so places like Minneapolis and others are## really the exception to the rule, the rule# being that that close support with local## law enforcement really makes ICE's job, they# really do it outside of the limelight, right?

But when you don't have that,# then ICE is in the forefront.

LIZ LANDERS: John, speaking of how ICE# operates, yesterday, we learned about an## internal ICE memo that authorizes officers# to use force to enter a residence without## a judge's warrant to arrest someone with# an administrative final order of removal.

Vice President Vance said today# that this practice was also used## in previous administrations.

Was this part of# the training and guidance when you oversaw ICE?

JOHN SANDWEG, Former Acting# ICE Director: Liz, it wasn't.

It was a widely held belief and a firm legal# opinion of the depar.. enter a residence without a judicial warrant,# right, a warrant that -- where you swear out## an affidavit explaining the probable cause and# it's issued by a federal judge or a magistrate.

Let me give you just a quick backdrop on this.# I mean, a lot of this is about -- first of all,## ICE has become very good at making apprehensions# of people at their residences without those## judicial warrants.

In my experience,# it was incredibly rare and I can't even## think of a single case where we obtained# a warrant by a civil enforcement action.

That said, the agents were great, would# approach the home, knock on the door,## ask the target to exit the house, make the arrest# there, or gain the consent of the homeowner in## order to enter the home.

It really wasn't a# significant impediment in ICE's operations.

What's changed, though, of course, Liz, is that# as part of these really highly publicized and,## in my experience, highly unusual law enforcement# operations, immigration and advocacy groups## have cautioned people to explain, really been# aggressive in promoting efforts to so people## know their rights, giving out those little# cards saying, know, be aware of your rights.

And included in there is this idea or the fact,# rather, that ICE agents could not enter a home## without a judicially authorized warrant.

Running# up against that, I'm sure the pressure at the## agency, it would be very cumbersome and slow if# they had to go get a judicial warrant every time.

LIZ LANDERS: Chad, I want to ask you,# the administration says that ICE agents## have absolute immunity.

We have heard# that from administration officials.

Do you think they should in all cases?

CHAD WOLF: Well, I think law enforcement enjoys## some pretty broad immunity# to do their job, absolutely.

But depending on if it's a state# official or a federal official,## there are limits to that.

So a lot depends# on circumstances.

A lot depends on the action## that they're involved in will depend on# what type of consequences can be held.

I will go back just to that last# question.

I think the larger issue## here at play is that -- and John's right.# You do have activist groups that are saying,## look, here's what you can do to stop ICE.# Here's what you can do to slow them down.

We have entered this world where most -- where# there are some people here that think ICE is## some type of second-class law enforcement# agency, that it's OK to put your car in the## middle of an operation, it's OK to slam the# door in their face.

You would never do this## for the DEA, the FBI if they are doing a# criminal operation in your neighborhood.

But yet somehow people believe it's# OK to do that because it's just ICE.## They're just enforcing immigration# law.

These are -- they are criminal## operations that ICE is involved# in.

I heard recently they go door## to door.

They don't go door to door.

They# have targets that they are identifying.

That could be in a car if they do a vehicle stop# or it's in a house if they approach the house.## These are criminal enforcement actions.# And this idea that you're going to have## activists and agitators and others trying# to impede or not adhere to lawful commands## is absurd.

You would never do that in any# other type of law enforcement operation.

And so I think the local officials, whether# that's a mayor or a governor or it's your## activist, telling citizens to do certain# things, they're putting them in danger.

LIZ LANDERS: John, I want to ask# you also about this image that we## saw of this 5-year-old boy who was# held in Minnesota by ICE yesterday.

ICE has said that the child was abandoned# by his father who was in the country## illegally and was being pursued by# officers.

But officials from his## school have said that officers used him# to lure family members from their home.

How should agents navigate this kind of situation?# And do -- did the agents do the right thing here?

JOHN SANDWEG: Liz, it's hard to know in any# one of these particular cases, right?

We're## only hearing glimpses of it, and we're thousands# of miles away from where these incidents happen.

That said, I will say one thing, a couple of# observations I have made.

I do worry about## the agency's reputation.

I do worry that it's# impacting its ability to do its job.

And I do## worry that what Chad is talking about, the lack# of respect the agency is getting, some of this is## brought on by the actions the agency is taking# or the manner in which they're being deployed.

In that case there, for instance, right, boy, you# want to have an -- you can have an immigration## enforcement policy that also recognizes we# need to protect family unity at all costs.

I## understand there are allegations the father went# away.

And, again, I don't know all the facts.

But what I do know is, my understanding# is, there was no criminal history there.## And typically what the agency would do, and even# I venture to say, when I worked with Tom Homan,## Tom would do, is that, if you encounter a# case like that, where you decide we need to## take an immigration enforcement action, it doesn't# necessarily mean we have to effectuate an arrest.

Or if we do effectuate an arrest, we# can at least wait until the mother or## a legal guardian arrives to take# custody of the 5-year-old without## threat of being arrested.

But when you# adopt this zero-tolerance approach,## it creates these situations where now you're# going to have these risks of separating families.

The public has to see this image of ICE agents# hauling away a 5-year-old kid wearing a snow## hat that looks like an elephant.

And# it's hard to go out there and say,## hey, we're really focused on the worst of# the worst, and we're a serious criminal## law enforcement agency out here to promote# public safety when you see images like that.

I would just -- listen, I think -- I'm not# saying -- I think -- I have heard people say## it's a choice.

It's a choice between# open borders and supporting criminal## aliens or the images we're seeing.# And I just reject that.

The Obama## administration was heavily criticized# for its immigration enforcement record.

We deported hundreds of# thousands of criminal aliens,## and we did it without any of the scenes# you're seeing today or 5-year-olds,## images like that, being separated# from their brothers and sisters.

LIZ LANDERS: John Sandweg and Chad# Wolf, thank you so much for joining the## "News Hour."

CHAD WOLF: Thank you.

JOHN SANDWEG: Thanks, Liz.